Susana COELHOLaboratoire de biologie intégrative des modèles marins (LBI2M)

• Parcours et recherches

Après des études à l’Université de Porto (Portugal), Susana Coelho a réalisé sa thèse de Doctorat à la Marine Biological Association dans le laboratoire de Colin Brownlee (Plymouth, UK). Susana a ensuite obtenu deux bourses européennes, EMBO et Marie Curie, pour travailler à Roscoff, où elle a contribué avec Akira Peters et Mark Cock au développement de l’algue brune modèle Ectocarpus. Recrutée au CNRS en 2006, elle a depuis poursuivi son travail sur la reproduction sexuée et cycle de vie des algues brunes, plus particulièrement sur le déterminisme et différentiation sexuels dans ses organismes. Elle dirige depuis 2010 l’équipe Génétique des Algues avec Mark Cock, à la Station Biologique de Roscoff. Susana Coelho a été promue directrice de recherche au CNRS en 2015. Elle est lauréate d’une ERC Starting Grant en 2014, de la médaille de Bronze du CNRS (2015) et du Prix Trogoboff de l’Académie des Sciences (2017). Elle est depuis 2021 en détachement au Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology a Tuebingen, Germany, où elle dirige le groupe Algal Development and Evolution.

• Projet SEXSEA : Origin and evolution of the sexes and reproductive systems: novel insights from a distant eukaryotic lineage

Sexual reproduction is an extraordinarily widespread phenomenon that assures the production of new genetic combinations in nearly all eukaryotic lineages. Although the core mechanisms of sexual reproduction (meiosis and syngamy) are highly conserved, the control mechanisms that determine whether an individual is male or female are remarkably labile across eukaryotes. In genetically controlled sexual systems, gender is determined by sex chromosomes, which have emerged independently and repeatedly during evolution. Sex chromosomes have been studied in only a handful of classical model organism, and empirical knowledge on the origin and evolution of the sexes is still surprisingly incomplete. The goal of our project is to exploit the remarkable richness of sexual characteristics of the brown algae to gain novel insights into the functional and evolutionary interactions between the sex chromosomes and key eukaryotic reproductive and life cycle features. First, we will use the model brown alga Ectocarpus to reveal the fundamental genetic mechanisms by which sex chromosomes control reproductive and life cycle traits of broad importance to all eukaryotes, including sex determination and asexual reproduction through parthenogenesis but also the control of gamete size and the regulation of developmental switches during the life cycle. Secondly, we will employ a combination of experimental and computational approaches on selected brown algal species exhibiting a range of reproductive and life cycle features to understand the long term evolutionary consequences of the variations in these traits to the structure of their sex chromosomes, in a phylogenetic context. These analyses will not only reveal fundamental forces that shape sex chromosome evolution in the scope of the tree of life, but will also uncover the mechanisms underlying important evolutionary transitions between major reproductive and life cycle modes and shed new light on the origin and evolution of the sexes.

En savoir plus :

• Site le CNRS et l'ERC
• Site de l’Institut des sciences biologiques
• ERC Consolidator Grant 2019 TETHYS